Glossary of General Anthroposophical Terms
Ahriman |
RS describes the other adversary as Ahriman: He is the god of darkness and is described in the Bible as Satan, in Goethe's Faust as Mephistopheles, from the Hebrew "mephiz" (destroyer) and "tophel" (liar). Through Ahriman's work, man's insight into the supersensible world is obscured, he only perceives the material in his surroundings. Matter is the realm of Ahriman. Ahriman's power causes man to lose himself in the material world and the spiritual world to be shrouded in a mist or veil. "Imagine looking into nature, seeing plants, animals, your fellow human beings - and only acknowledging the physical." "Blessed are those who do not see and yet believe," said the risen Christ to Doubting Thomas. Ahriman causes people to be ignorant of the spiritual world. Its power increased with the advent of the exact sciences in the 15th century. Ahriman tempts people to lie and error - you know how unconsciously. The consequence of Ahrimanic transgressions is bad karma in the form of blows of fate. However, his work cannot be described as evil in the absolute sense. Ahriman's work can also be understood as a sacrificial act that makes a valuable contribution to the overall development of the world. We can transform Ahriman when we see human beings in living unity with nature and the cosmos. Karma is healed by the Holy Spirit of insight into spiritual truths and spiritual knowledge. Furthermore, RS refers to Christ as the "Lord of Karma". |
Angel |
Angels are beings that are directly above us humans in the hierarchy. They don't have a physical body, but an etheric body (invisible vital body) as the lowest member of their being. Even if they are not visible, their presence can be felt very strongly: every child has a guardian angel, a genius at their side. The genius is rightly referred to as the higher self and means that part of the soul that is not incarnated and resides in the spiritual world. The angels bring about a moral conscience in us: by feeding our conscience with positive or negative feelings, our individual values and moral concepts arise. With children the guardian angel is always present, with adults this connection is often disturbed, for example through alcohol or drug abuse, egoism, unscrupulous actions. If a person acts immorally against their knowledge and conscience, then they resist the impulses of his angel. According to RS, the angel will then give its impulses to the sleeping person. This has fatal consequences: Since the astral body and I leave the body during sleep, only the life-sustaining etheric body is found in the sleeping body (which is why the Greek culture called sleep the little brother of death). So the angel meets the etheric body and does his work on it. This creation now produces a completely different result. The angel acts like this when a person makes a conscious decision not to let anything get in the way of his conscience. One can say that because the human being decides in this way, his angel will also behave in this way. And what happens through the angel's impulse on the human etheric body? A healthy, orderly conscience cannot develop, but its opposite. Insights of an instinctive, unconscious kind come about. And what do unconscious insights lead to? RS describes three consequences:
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Anthroposophy |
(Anthropos-Sophia: the wisdom of the human being) is the modern form of esoteric knowledge suited to the present state of cosmic evolution where the intellect is the dominant power of human beings. Anthroposophy gives explanations about the spiritual background of the human being, the nature, and the universe which can be understood by anybody who has mastered clear, unprejudiced, logical thinking. Anthroposophy reveals multifarious and multilayered relationships between the spiritual and the physical world, thus creating a bridge between these two worlds. This is one of the reasons why is also called spiritual science. |
Astral Body |
(Or Soul Body) The second supersensible body (after the etheric body). It is the carrier of sensations, feelings, drives, urges, cravings, instincts, etc. The main polarity at work in the astral body is the polarity between sympathy and antipathy. For that reasons it can be also called 'sentient body' and identified as the 'soul'. The astral body (=sentient body) is the human element that penetrates the physical body from the age of 14 to 21. The astral body is non-material and generates those feelings that are not based on direct perception: sympathy, imagination, joy, but also displeasure, dissatisfaction, envy, mockery or antipathy. From the age of 21, the ego gradually sinks into the astral body, which should reach maturity with the formation of the consciousness soul (35 - 42 years of age). |
Atavistic Clairvoyance |
Refers to clairvoyance which has been the normal state of human consciousness in the primeval stages of human evolution. This type of clairvoyance did not enable an understanding of what has been perceived and it has been gradually lost through the millennia when humanity has been developing the capacity of intellectual thinking. |
Clairvoyance |
Refers to the ability of people to see the spiritual realities active behind physical existence. In ancient times people had an innate ability of clairvoyance which has been slowly vanishing through the millennia of human evolution until the present, when human power of perception is firmly rooted in the physical realm. There might be still some people with atavistic clairvoyance, but there are already those who have developed a new form of clairvoyance which is connected with an understanding of the spiritual realities. Clairvoyant, spiritual perception takes place in four specific stages, which are here characterized briefly:
It takes years of practice, meditation, work with one's own inner shadows, and study of anthroposophy and other sciences of the soul and spiritual world. It is important that the research rests on a broad background of experience. |
Consciousness Soul |
(or spiritual soul) One of the three parts of the human soul, beside sentient soul and intellectual soul. The age of the consciousness soul began in fifteen century with the emergence of Renaissance. The main task of human beings in this epoch is to emancipate themselves from belief in authorities, rigid moral codes of behavior, and blood bonds, and thus becoming an independent personality. This is the age of free development of the universal-human qualities and of ethical individualism. "The impulses of the consciousness soul have an isolating and lonely effect if they are not practiced in an anthroposophical form. One can perceive this as a human tragedy. But it is precisely the strongest inner loneliness of contemporary man that awakens the great longing for community." ( Carl Unger : From the language of the consciousness soul, p. 27). However, if it is not to fall back into outdated states of consciousness, a true community can only be cultivated in community with spiritually conscious people - anthroposophists - in accordance with the age. For people who have not been trained in anthroposophy, the quality of the consciousness soul often produces feelings of emptiness, searching and loneliness. This can only be counteracted if the respective person takes up his own spirit education and exchanges information about his advances and regressions with other, like-minded people in detail. In the Apocalypse of John , in the epistle to the church of Sardis, reference is made to our present time:
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Cosmic forces of Healing |
Similar in their balancing effect to the human forces of healing, although they work on a much grander scale. The task of the cosmic forces of healing is to maintain the dynamic balance between the main polarity of world existence – that is, between spirit and matter (spiritual and physical forces and substances), or (in the language of myths) between heaven and earth. Among mythological images of these forces is Hermes (Roman Mercury), the only god among Greek gods who can travel and carry messages between the upper gods living on the mount Olympus (Zeus, Appolo, Hera, etc.) and the lower gods living in the underworld (Hades, Persephone, etc.). |
Cosmic forces of Thinking |
(Not the same as the human forces of thinking, although they are related) The cosmic thinking is creative, living wisdom which is the origin of every form of being and phenomenon in the kingdoms of nature. The human thinking is 'dead' thinking which can only mirror the great world outside us and which can only create a 'dead' world of machines and technology. In comparison to this the cosmic forces of thinking contain power to create living beings. |
Cosmic forces of Will |
The spiritual forces working behind the existence of all physical matter. We can get an impression of their nature when we look at the Nordic god Thor with his iron hammer – a mythological image of the macrocosmic power of Will. We all have inside our bodies a microcosmic counterpart of this power – the sum of the millions of red blood cells with iron – which enables us to exercise our own Will in the physical world. |
Ego or 'I' |
The spiritual member of the human being which enables him/her to understand the world he/she lives in – which is one of the essential differences between human beings and animals. By means of ego people become aware of their own existence as separate individuals. This includes also the ability to reflect on their own deeds, feelings, and way of thinking which enables development of ethical individualism. The ego is the lower "I", hardened in egoism, which appears as a distorted echo of the authentic "I" |
Egoism or Egotism |
A state of being where the well-being of one's own self, or soul, is placed higher than the normally accepted human virtues; selfishness or self-centeredness. |
Elemental Beings |
They are inhabitants of the etheric and astral worlds. They implement locally the impulses of the higher angelic hierarchies. Everything is infused (ensouled) by them, including the body. |
Esoteric or Occult |
Refers to the hidden knowledge which was in the past accessible only to those who were initiated in the mystery schools. In modern times this knowledge is no longer hidden, but is freely available in the form of spiritual science or anthroposophy to all those who wish to study it. |
Etheric Body |
(Or Life Body) The first supersensible body which is in the human being, almost identical with the size of the physical body. The etheric body is the carrier of life functions – growth, regeneration, and propagation – in all living organisms. In human beings one part of the etheric body is the seat of more lasting attributes of their character, such as memory, temperament and habits. |
Ethical Individualism |
Refers to the stage of the development of human being when his actions have their source in those ideas which are rooted in the moral intuitions of the single individual. This is the stage of true freedom from the constraints of natural laws and the constraints of all conventional moral norms. The development of ethical individualism is the main task of the people in the age of the consciousness soul. |
Fear |
There are beings in the spiritual realms for whom anxiety and fear emanating from human beings offer welcome food. When humans have no anxiety and fear, then these creatures starve. People not yet sufficiently convinced of this statement could understand it to be meant comparatively only. But for those who are familiar with this phenomenon, it is a reality. If fear and anxiety radiates from people and they break out in panic, then these creatures find welcome nutrition and they become more and more powerful. These beings are hostile towards humanity. Everything that feeds on negative feelings, on anxiety, fear and superstition, despair or doubt, are in reality hostile forces in supersensible worlds, launching cruel attacks on human beings, while they are being fed. Therefore, it is above all necessary to begin with that the person who enters the spiritual world overcomes fear, feelings of helplessness, despair and anxiety. But these are exactly the feelings that belong to contemporary culture and materialism; because it estranges people from the spiritual world, it is especially suited to evoke hopelessness and fear of the unknown in people, thereby calling up the above mentioned hostile forces against them. ~ Rudolf Steiner |
Fifth Post-Atlantean Cultural Epoch |
The Germanic-Anglo-Saxon culture (1413 - 3573 AD) is the fifth post-Atlantean cultural epoch ; We are currently living in this cultural epoch , which in the historical context is generally referred to as modern times . It serves to train the consciousness soul and can therefore also be referred to as consciousness soul culture. It is under the sign of Pisces, so it is the Pisces Age . An essential task of the consciousness -soul age is to develop, on the one hand, pure perception of the world of the senses and, on the other hand, free imagination in the way that Goethe was already striving for. "So, what skills should the people of the fifth post-Atlantean period, our period, particularly develop? We know that we are dealing with the development of the consciousness soul, but this in turn must be made up of a series of forces, soul forces, physical forces. The first thing that has to be developed if man is to remain properly on earth is a really pure perception of the world of the senses. Such a pure contemplation of the world of the senses did not exist in earlier times, because the visionary , the imaginative , always played a part in the life of the human soul, and in the case of the Greeks it was still the imagination. But after imagination had taken hold of mankind to the extent that it had taken hold of them in Greek life, it became necessary for people to develop the ability to look at the external reality of nature unhindered by an underlying vision. We do not need to imagine that the materialistic world view is meant by this; this materialistic picture of the world is already an ahrimanic, distorted view of sensory reality. But, as I said, to properly observe sense reality was one task of the fifth post-Atlantean epoch. The other task of the human soul is this: alongside the pure perception of reality, to develop free imagination, in a way a kind of repetition of the Egyptian-Chaldean period. In this respect, the fifth post-Atlantean period is not very far off. Free imaginations must be developed, as they are sought by spiritual science, i.e. not bound imaginations, as they had in the third post-Atlantean period, not imaginations distilled into phantasy, but free imaginations in which one moves as freely as people usually move moved freely only in his mind. The right development of the consciousness soul of the fifth post-Atlantean period will result from the fact that these two abilities are developed. Goethe found the pure perception very beautiful, which he described as his archetypal phenomenon in contrast to materialism. You can find much said about this primal phenomenon in Goethe's writings and in my explanations. It is the pure perception of reality, this primal phenomenon. But Goethe not only gave the first impetus to a vision-free sensuous observation of the primal phenomenon, he also gave the first impetus to free imagination; for precisely what we found in his Faust, even if it is not very far in relation to spiritual science, even if it is still in a certain way instinctive only in relation to spiritual science, is nevertheless the first impetus for free imaginative life , because it's not just a fantasy world. We have seen how deep this fantasy world really is which is developed in free imaginations in this wonderful Faust drama.intellectual viewing ." ( Lit. : GA 171 ) |
(True, Spiritual) Freedom |
Manifested in the relationship between Lucifer and Ahriman Man finds matter in the outside world - inside him the conscience and the knowledge of good and evil. Lucifer is the spirit of insubstantial visions and illusions, which wants to lift man off earth into his fleeting realm. Ahriman, on the other hand, wants to pull us down into the purely material world. Only in the balance between these earth-fleeting Luciferic and earth-craving Ahrimanic forces can man find his true freedom. |
Gemut (or Nous) |
The rational part of the individual human soul and the principle of the cosmic mind or soul responsible for the rational order of the cosmos. It is a term from classical philosophy for the faculty of the human mind necessary for understanding what is true or real. |
Good and Evil |
Rudolf Steiner (RS) describes the dialectic of good and evil as follows: Evil is a time-shifted good - an originally good that, instead of developing further in the unchanged earlier form, has an after-effect in a later age of human development. However, evil can also arise when something that is only to take effect in a later age occurs too early in an immature form. The battle between good and evil is the confrontation of the earlier with the later, the old with the new. Evolution needs evil as a necessary counterweight to good; for man to be free, there must also be the possibility of evil. The task of the human being on earth is to learn love, ie to decide freely for the good. Only by balancing both can the world goal be achieved. The primal secret of evil depends, according to Dr. Steiner with the "conflict in heaven", a kind of war in the spiritual world. |
(Angelic) Hierarchies |
These are inhabitants of the spiritual world. They can be thought of as great, exalted consciousness spaces. In practical work, it is helpful to divide the angelic world into nine hierarchies, according to the Christian terminology given by Dionysius Areopagite. The angelic world is aligned with the Trinity standing above it: Father-Son-Holy Spirit. Hierarchies according to Rudolf Steiner (from: Occult Science an Outline) The names of the hierarchies are not proper names, but names for certain levels of consciousness of the great universe, and the beings move from one level to the other. Trinity: World Spirit (Father God) - World Soul (Son, Word, Macrocosm) - Human Spirit (Sophia, Microcosm) I. Hierarchy
II. Hierarchy
III. Hierarchy
IV. Hierarchy
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Human Being |
Humans are evolving beyond the animal, plant and mineral kingdoms. What they have in common with the animal kingdom is that they also have an astral body (sensation body) in order to feel feelings. Plants, animals and humans all have an etheric body. It is the bearer of the living world thoughts that produce the forms of life in nature. It acts as a vital force that maintains the processes of the organism and brings the metabolic products and water to the right place in the body. Besides the world of the senses, the human being lives also in all areas of the supersensible world and consists of many higher members (bodies), which together form the human aura in its complexity. In former times, these members - often under different names - were part of a cognitive inquiry and spiritual traditions. Today the best-known entity among these members is the material body. The following outlines the members of the Human Being *. Some of those described below also have further descriptions elsewhere in this glossary. One should read each description to get the greater understanding.
* These descriptions were derived from the book Corona Vaccines from the Spiritual Perspective by Thomas Mayer. |
Imagination |
(from Latin imaginari, meaning 'picture to oneself') in common use refers to creative act or power of forming new ideas or images of external objects not present to the senses. In spiritual science Imagination, Inspiration, and Intuition are three stages/methods of the development of the knowledge of the higher worlds. This knowledge enables us to know the whole human being in relation to supersensible worlds. Although our ordinary consciousness knows nothing of them, they nevertheless form part of us. For that reason we can find some resemblance between the ordinary imagination and the first level of higher knowledge, which has a kind of artistic nature. Cognition through imagination is attained by lifting into consciousness what is active subconsciously and involuntarily behind our dreaming. However, if we wish to raise ourselves to the level of Imagination an artistic element must become part of our efforts. If we want to overcome abstract naturalistic thinking, we have to develop a more creative way of thinking which resembles that of a creative artist. Only then we can attain to the reality of spiritual processes by virtue of Imagination. In this first stage of cognition of the higher worlds, we attain the capacity of seeing of the spiritual realities. |
Initiates |
Those people who have attained the knowledge of the spiritual worlds by means of various methods of initiation after years of rigorous training procedures used in the old mystery centres. In modern times this is possible if one performs specific exercises of mediation or contemplation or serious study of descriptions of the spiritual realities given by initiates. In the book How to Know Higher Worlds Rudolf Steiner describes the path of self-training which enabled him to access the spiritual world. |
Inspiration |
(from Latin inspirare, meaning 'to breathe into') in common use refers to an unconscious burst of creativity in artistic, scientific and other kinds of endeavour, whenever a person is very intensively involved in a search for a solution of a problem or a challenge in the development of something new. In spiritual science Imagination, Inspiration, and Intuition are three stages/methods of the development of the knowledge of the higher worlds. This knowledge enables us to know the whole human being in relation to supersensible worlds. Although our ordinary consciousness knows nothing of them, they nevertheless form part of us. For that reason we can find some resemblance between the ordinary inspiration and the second level of higher knowledge, which is, in essence, a moral one. In ordinary life we become inspired by something that does not normally enter consciousness but permeates our being as does the oxygen we breathe in. We can say that we breathe with our soul and spiritual being when we rise to the stage of Inspiration. If we want to attain this stage we must practice swift and decisive action, learning to quickly grasp the moment, because whatever comes through Inspiration passes in a flash. Though qualitatively similar to moral ideas and impulses, Inspiration manifests as a reality – as a powerful force that works and 'speaks' to us in a similar manner as they do the elemental forces in nature. In this second stage of cognition of the higher worlds, we attain the capacity of perceiving what the spiritual realities are speaking to us. |
Intellectual Soul |
(or Mind Soul) is one of the three parts of the astral body (beside sentient soul and consciousness soul), the part which enable the activity of our thinking. The age of intellectual soul lasted from 747 BC to 1413 AD; this was the period of the dominance of old Greek and Roman civilizations (therefore it is also called the GraecoRoman cultural epoch). |
Intuition |
(from Latin intueri, meaning 'to look inside' or 'to contemplate') is usually regarded as the ability to acquire knowledge without the use of rational thinking. This means that processes by which it happens remain mostly unknown to the thinker. In spiritual science Imagination, Inspiration, and Intuition are three stages/methods of the development of the knowledge of the higher worlds. This knowledge enables us to know the whole human being in relation to supersensible worlds. Although our ordinary consciousness knows nothing of them, they nevertheless form part of us. For that reason we can find some resemblance between the ordinary intuition and the third level of higher knowledge, which can be attained when we pour ourselves out into reality of soul and spirit with loving devotion. Shadow forms of Intuition can be found in ordinary life in religious feelings and moods. However, a religious feeling remains a purely inner experience that does not lift us into outer spirituality, while Intuition is an experience of objective spiritual reality. In this third stage of cognition of the higher worlds, we attain the cognition of the inner essence of the spiritual realities. |
Karma |
The totality of a person's actions and conduct during successive incarnations, regarded as causally influencing his or her destiny. |
Life-spirit |
The name for the part of the etheric body which has been gradually transformed by the power of human ego. Although in the present phase of cosmic evolution only initiates can work consciously on this transformation, we all possess the germ of life-spirit. |
Locust People |
A surplus of human beings who are already appearing in our time who have no egos, who are not really human. This is a terrible truth. They walk around and are not incarnations of an ego; they enter into the physical line of heredity and receive an etheric body and an astral body. In a certain way they are equipped with an Ahrimanic consciousness, and they look human if one doesn't look too closely, but they are not human beings in the full sense of the word. |
Lucifer |
Lucifer, the "bearer of light", brings man freedom and the knowledge of good and evil. This also gives rise to the possibility that man can become entangled in moral transgressions. Freedom is necessary so that man can become a morally self-responsible being. For the immature soul, Lucifer is an adversary who opposes the divine creative powers, but at the same time he promotes our development through his resistance. It must therefore by no means be regarded as a one-sidedly evil spiritual power. The healing power of Christ relates in particular to the astral body, which is the source of our self-healing power. According to RS, suffering and sickness are brought about by good powers so that freedom and knowledge are no longer abused. "Our subconscious knows: My pain is the result of my mistakes. My pain is an educator who wants to bring me liberation from my vices". Lucifer works in the sense of good when people perceive the light of wisdom and the sense of the beauty of the sensual world through Lucifer. Science and art are a gift from Lucifer, as is moral insight based on knowledge. Without him, human culture would not exist. Lucifer wanted to lead man into the physical world, but it was not his intention to tie him so tightly to the material world as is now the case. In the Bible, Lucifer is symbolized by the serpent that sneaks into paradise and tempts man to eat from the "tree of knowledge". This opens people's senses to the outside world and awakens their sensual desires. As a result, man was involved earlier and more deeply in the sensual world than originally intended. As a result of the Luciferic influence, man is deprived of the direct view of the supernatural world: he is expelled from paradise. The purely spiritual being that man once was descends into the sensory world and assumes physical form there. Because man now becomes a material-corporeal being, he loses his original immortality and absorbs death into his corporeal nature. The gender segregation is a direct consequence of the Luciferian impact. Man, who was no longer the pure, unadulterated image of the divine being, became the split male and female image of the spiritual creative powers. The cycle of birth and death began, humanity developed into races, tribes and peoples. On the other hand, this creates the prerequisite for the individualization of people. Man becomes more independent; Lucifer brings individual freedom and with it, unfortunately, also the possibility of egoism. |
Maya |
Sanskrit word with multiple meanings. The most common translation is illusion, deception. In Indian spirituality it is used to describe the illusionary nature of the physical world in comparison with the reality of the spiritual world. |
Personality |
The totality of qualities and traits, as of character or behavior, that are peculiar to a specific person. |
Pisces Age |
"We have entered the Age of Pisces. It is essentially expressed in the fact that man receives the power for abstract concepts from the macrocosm. Today man receives this power from the macrocosm. But for the time being abstract concepts are what man does not yet know how to reconnect with reality. It must in turn be linked to reality." ( Lit. : GA 180 ) "We have been under the sign of Pisces for centuries, and it is precisely in the sign of Pisces that the transition to human intellectualism takes place. But if you go back to where Aries was still justified, i.e. where one could speak of the zodiac in the old sense, then you don't have much more than Sagittarius, Goat, Aquarius and Pisces, or the professions: hunter, animal breeder, farmer and trader. Everything that has come about in terms of industry and so on belongs in the Pisces; that's a repetition. Just think: We live in the age of Pisces; everything that is today our machine culture and so on developed there. If we go back to the time of Aries, we still have the honest four professions, albeit somewhat more complicated and modified that place man in nature. And then we can go further back - to the Taurus Age, the third, second, first post-Atlantean period, the last Atlantean, the penultimate Atlantean and so on: so we would come back and would if we go further back to the Age of Pisces again, still have man as a fully ethereal being who has not yet descended into the physical world. And because we have him there in Pisces, where he once was as an ethereal being, he basically repeats what he went through when he actually became human. He's been repeating it since the mid-15th century, but he's repeating it in an abstract way. At that time he grew concretely into his humanity. Since then he has grown into his abstractions, because a machine is also an abstraction. Since then, since the Age of Pisces came again, man has actually been placed in what dissolves him. And if the human being returns to Aquarius, then this dissolution will progress significantly, then above all he will not be able to have the slightest connection with the world if he does not stick to the spiritual world. Precisely because of this repetition man must enter the spiritual world." And if the human being returns to Aquarius, then this dissolution will progress significantly, then above all he will not be able to have the slightest connection with the world if he does not stick to the spiritual world. Precisely because of this repetition man must enter the spiritual world." And if the human being returns to Aquarius, then this dissolution will progress significantly, then above all he will not be able to have the slightest connection with the world if he does not stick to the spiritual world. Precisely because of this repetition man must enter the spiritual world." (Lit.:GA 208 ) |
Reincarnation |
Rebirth of a Human Being in a new body that retains the "seed" of prior lives i.e. the same soul. |
Sentient Soul |
One of the three parts of the astral body (beside intellectual soul and consciousness soul), the part which is active in the perception of the outside world through our physical sense organs. The age of sentient soul lasted from 2907 BC to 747 BC, the period of the dominance of old Egyptian and surrounding civilizations (therefore it is also called the Egyptian-Chaldean-Babylonian cultural epoch). |
Spirit-man |
The name for the part of the physical body which has been gradually transformed by the power of human ego. Although in the present phase of cosmic evolution only initiates can work consciously on this transformation, we all possess the germ of spirit-man. |
Spirit-self |
The name for the part of the astral body which has been gradually transformed by the power of human ego. In the present phase of cosmic evolution we can all work on the conscious transformation of our life of emotions, desires, passions, etc, into spirit-self. |
Spiritual World |
There are three distinct levels of the Spiritual World. From lowest to highest, they are characterized as:
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